Plagiarism

This journal upholds high standards of publication ethics. All submitted manuscripts will be checked for similarity using plagiarism detection tools (such as Turnitin or iThenticate).

Similarity Limit
Manuscripts with a similarity level of more than 20% (excluding the reference list) will be returned to the author for revision or rejected.

Author Responsibility
Authors must ensure that the submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere. All quotations and references must be properly cited.

Violation Actions
If plagiarism is detected, either before or after publication, the editorial board reserves the right to reject, retract, or cancel the article and report the violation to the relevant institution.